brass

Bass Trombone Sonata

Title: 
Sonata no. 1 for Bass Trombone and Piano
Movements: 
Battery
Movements: 
Serenade
Movements: 
Trinkle Dance
Instrumentation: 
Bass trombone and piano
Duration: 
16' (3 movements, 5' + 7' + 4')
Date of Composition: 
2001/2004
Premiere date: 
March 2, 2004
Performers: 
Nathan Curtis, bass trombone
Performers: 
John McDonald, piano

Trinkle Dance

Title: 
Trinkle Dance
Instrumentation: 
Trombone and piano
Duration: 
3'30"
Date of Composition: 
Spring 2001
Premiere: 
March 2, 2004 (As part of Bass Trombone Sonata no. 1)
Performers: 
Nathan Curtis, bass trombone
Performers: 
John McDonald, piano

Trinkle Dance arose out of an assignment from a composition class with Anthony Kelley. The assignment was to write a dance, in giving the instructions for the assignment, Anthony said something a long the lines of

If you want to use an existing dance rhythm, that's fine, or if you come up with your own dance rhythm, and call it a "trinkle" dance, that's okay too.

I came up with my own dance rhythms, and, in search of a name, took my professor's advice and dubbed it a "trinkle." One of my classmates, Ben Crawford, turned around and paid tribute to my new dance style with his composition for the same assignment, Dance in Arch Form, With Homage on B-A-C-H, and a Bad-Ass Trinkle B Section. At least, I think that's the title of it. And then I incorporated a trinkle into another composition, Ude, Ude O. So the "trinkle" is not merely a one-off production, but an established form. Take that!

So, what is a "trinkle" dance? Well, it's built on top of a motoric ostinato in 6/8 or 12/8 time. It's got lots of cross-rhythms against the time, and periodic interruptions. With these characteristics in mind, I was able to go back in time and retcon some trinkles into the established literature, going at least as far back as the "Witches' Trinkle Dance" from the final movement of Symphony Fantastique. Who knew Berlioz was that hip? Anyway, back to Earth-616.

After writing two trinkles in a period of six months or so, I thought I was going to make the trinkle one of my trademarks, but that never really seemed to happen. I had a couple of sketches for trinkle ground rhythms, but nothing that coalesced into a longer piece. With my recent interest in metametrics, though, the cross-rhythms of the trinkle seem like a nice starting point for further rhythmic explorations. Maybe it's time to revisit the idea?

I did subsequently reuse the original Trinkle Dance as the last movement of my Bass Trombone Sonata, merely adding an introduction for a better segue from the second movement. This is the version heard in the recording above; the original version starts right when the piano begins to repeat the basic pattern in the left hand. I have to admit that Trinkle Dance is rather hard on the pianist, as the left hand never gets a break, but the relentless pattern in the bass is one of the essential features of the trinkle. My getting slightly lost in the trio section is not one of the essential features.

Three Situational Sketches

Title: 
Three Situational Sketches
Movements: 
Concertstuck
Movements: 
There: One Line, Two Line
Movements: 
Back Again: Red Line, Orange Line
Instrumentation: 
bassoon and horn
Duration: 
4' (Three 1'-1'30" movements)
Date of Composition: 
November 2003
Premiere date: 
March 2, 2004

The Three Situational Sketches were exercises in broadening my compositional horizons, so to speak. Usually, when I work on composing, I seek out a specific location: my desk, a piano in a practice room, a secluded corner of a park. In these sketches, however, I tried to reverse the process, looking for opportunities to compose wherever I found myself, whatever the situation. This shook up my compositional routine in many ways: it forced me to compose without preparation, to write away from any musical instrument or other form of auditory feedback, and, in these cases, to form complete musical ideas in a short period of time. These have proven to be very valuable skills, even when I follow my usual routine.

Perhaps appropriately, I did not initially set out to shake up my modus operandi when I embarked on this project. John McDonald suggested that I write a short duet for an upcoming concert, and proposed the bassoon as one of the two instruments. I chose horn as the second instrument, thinking that it would be a good match for the bassoon both registrally and timbrally. However, I had no idea what I would write for these instruments until about a week later, when I found myself in the situation that led to "Concertstuck." No, that's not a misspelling of "Konzertstück," German for "concert piece," but an English coinage: concertstuck, stuck at a concert. I was at a concert, sitting through a piece I did not enjoy. It was a mediocre performance of one of those baroque pieces that gets overplayed on classical music radio: Water Music, the Brandenburg concerti, the Four Seasons...it could have been any one of those. I didn't want to leave, as there was an exciting contemporary piece coming up later, but fortunately I had brought staff paper and pencils with me. By the time the program turned to music I was interested in, I had written a little over a minute of music, and found myself at a suitable ending point. The music was noticeably different from other things I had recently writte: it was less obviously melodic and more spacious, with a few moments of hocket between the horn and bassoon. I decided that my impromptu composition was a good start, and kept my eye out for other chances to repeat the experiment.

A few days later, I got my next opportunity, resulting in the second and third movements, "There and Back Again: One Line, Two Line, Red Line, Orange Line." As you might guess from the painful titular allusions, these movements were composed during a round trip on the T, greater Boston's subway system. I wrote the bulk of "There" travelling from Davis Square to the New England Medical Center via Downtown Crossing, finishing the last few bars in a waiting room at the NEMC; "Back Again" was written on the ride back to Davis. When I first entered the Davis Square station, I immediately noticed two sounds: the 60 Hz hum of the fluorescent lighting, and a saxophonist playing on the platform. These both find their way into the beginning of "There," but get swept away by the coming train. The train pulls out and picks up speed, and as we arrive at our destination, it sems like the same saxophonist has managed to meet us there. "Back Again" is very much about returning; it consists of brief canonic episodes alternating between a half-assed retrograde (each measure is in retrograde between the two instruments, but the measures are in the same order; this way I avoided having to plan ahead to figure out when the voices would cross paths) and forward motion.

The Three Situational Sketches are not earth-shattering or profound. But they are neat little pieces, and writing them was a very fruitful exercise. It helped me to rely on my mind, rather than my tools, which is always an important skill to have. Today, I often try to take time to compose in unusual spaces, and works like Loopholes and Doina can trace their lineage, at least in part, to the Sketches.

Fanfare for Tuesday

Title: 
Fanfare for Tuesday
Instrumentation: 
Trombone
Duration: 
3'
Date of Composition: 
May 8-9, 2008

Blues With a Drone

Title: 
Blues With a Drone
Instrumentation: 
Trombone
Duration: 
3'
Date of Composition: 
Spring 2006
Premiere date: 
September 14, 2008
Premiere: 
The Lily Pad, Cambridge
Performers: 
Nathan Curtis, bass trombone
Score: 

Blues With a Drone is the first of a handful of etudes for tenor and/or bass trombone. These etudes were written with my own capabilities in mind, focusing on one or more elements of trombone performance. Blues With a Drone focuses on multiphonics -- the technique of singing while playing, so that two notes (or more, if overtones are involved) sound simultaneously. In particular, this etude aims to improve the flexibility and lyrical capabilities of the singing voice. In the existing literature, multiphonics are often used chiefly as a coloristic effect, and I wanted to use multiphonics melodically. Furthermore, I wanted to use multiphonics in a piece that might be accessible to trombonists of intermediate skill level. All too often, extended techniques such as multiphonics are relegated to pieces whose other technical challenges leave them unapproachable to student trombonists, and I see no reason why this should have to be the case.

To these ends, the melody in Blues With a Drone is given entirely to the voice, while the trombone itself is relegated to a tonic drone on G. This presents a slight challenge to the trombonist, as holding the trombone with the slide extended in one position for the duration of the piece is mildly fatiguing. Nevertheless, by simplifying the trombone part, the performer can focus on executing the vocal line. Although the melody proceeds slowly, hitting the notes accurately can be a challenge, as intonation, especially in dissonant intervals, tends to be somewhat unstable with multiphonics.

Blues With a Drone has proven to be effective in its original purpose. In the fall of 2008, shortly after I premiered Blue With a Drone, I was invited to compose and perform a piece at a memorial concert for composer Jennifer Fitzgerald. My composition, Lyric Homage, was loosely based on Jennifer's Lyric II for solo tuba. Lyric II had a number of challenging multiphonic sections, which I had been unable to play when she first showed me the piece several years ago, but I chose to leave those sections intact. Blues With a Drone gave me the opportunity to practice dissonant yet lyrical multiphonics in a controlled environment, and I was able to successfully reproduce Jennifer's multiphonic passages in performance. Similarly, I hope that Blues With a Drone can be a vehicle for other trombonists to learn about and develop multiphonic techniques.

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